" BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS SOFT-SKILL”

NAMA : DIAZ SUKMA LAKSANA PUTRA

NPM : 23114031

KELAS : 2KB03

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Subject, Verb, Complement & Modifier

Subject

Subject adalah tentang apa atau siapa yang dibicarakan dalam suatu kalimat atau klausa. Adapun subjek dapat berupa orang, hewan, benda, maupun konsep abstrak.

Setiap complete subject pada dasarnya dibangun oleh satu atau lebih noun atau pronoun dengan/tanpa tambahan modifier(s) yang dapat berupa article (the, an, an), adjective, dan prepositional phrase. Adapun gerund dan infinitive dapat pula menempati posisi subjek.

Contoh:

His new car tax has already been paid by his assistant.

Lia and I were eating our lunch on the kitchen table.

The very big boarding school in this country was built in 1980.

Simple Subject and Simple Predicate

Simple subject ini berupa noun atau pronoun tunggal, dengan mengesampingkan modifier(s)-nya. Sedangkan simple predicate berupa verb atau compound verb tunggal.

Contoh Kalimat	Simple Subject	Simple Predicate	Keterangan
His new car tax has already been paid by his assistant. (Pajak mobil baru dia telah dibayar oleh asistennya.)	tax	has been paid	his new car = (pre) modifier by his assistant = prepositional phrase
The very big boarding school in this country was built in 1980. (Sekolah asrama yang sangat besar di negara ini dibangun tahun 1980.)	school	was built	the very big boarding= (pre) modifier; in this country = (post) modifier; in 1980 = prepositional phrase
Open the door! (Buka pintu!)	“you”	open	Pada kalimat imperative, subjek tidak ditulis karena dianggap sudah cukup dimengerti; door = direct object
His Uncle Cal will not arrive on time. (Paman Cal akan tidak akan tiba tepat waktu.)	Uncle Cal	will arrive	his = possessive; not = adverb; on time= prepositional phrase
There was a hounted house. (Disana ada rumah berhantu.)	house	was	there = adverb; haunted = participle; a = article
Running may be hard for overweight people. (Lari mungkin sulit untuk orang yang kelebihan berat badan.)	running	may be	running = gerund; hard = adjective; for overweight people = prepositional phrase
To travel is a bad idea. (Bepergian merupakan ide yang buruk.)	to travel	is	to travel = infinitive; is = linking verb; a bad idea = subject complement

Verb

Verb (kata kerja) adalah suatu kata yang berfungsi untuk menunjukkan tindakan dari subject, menunjukkan peristiwa atau keadaan. Verb merupakan satu dari delapan part of speech.

Kata kerja bahasa Inggris tidak selalu berbentuk simple (satu kata), melainkan mungkin berupa frasa hasil kombinasi dengan particle menjadi phrasal verb (get in, make up, read over).

Macam-Macam dan Contoh Verb

Beberapa macam dan contoh verb antara lain sebagai berikut:

- Transitive dan Intransitive: Transitive diikuti direct object (contoh kalimat: The boy kicked the ball), sedangkan intransitive tidak (contoh kalimat: Cheryl often sneezes while cleaning).

- Regular dan Irregular: Pada bentuk regular, past tense dan participle didapat dengan menambahkan suffix–ed pada base form sedangkan pada irregular, caranya lebih bervariasi.

- Action dan Stative: Action (eat, play) menyatakan bahwa sesuatu terjadi, sedangkan stative (love, need) menyatakan kondisi yang cenderung tetap.

- Finite dan Non-Finite: Finite dipengaruhi tense dan subject-verb agreement, sedangkan non-finite tidak.

- Linking Verb: menghubungkan subject of a sentence dengan deskripsinya (contoh kalimat: She is young and beautiful).

Causative: Kata kerja untuk menunjukkan bahwa subjek tidak bertanggungjawab langsung terhadap aksi yang terjadi (contoh kalimat: I had my house renovated last week).

COMPLEMENT

- Biasanya berupa noun (kata benda) atau noun phrase (frasa kata benda)

- biasanya terdapat setelah verb pada kalimat aktif

-complement menjawab pertanyaan what (apa) atau siapa (whom)

Contoh:

- Sarijon bought a cake yesterday

What did Sarijon buy yesterday? –> a cake.

- He saw Tony at the movie

Whom did he see at the movie? –> Tony

- I explain pharmacology to my students

What do I explain to my students? –> pharmacology

Catatan: Setiap kalimat tidak harus mempunyai complement.

MODIFIER

- Modifier menjelaskan time (waktu), place (tempat), atau manner (cara) dari sebuah aksi atau perbuatan

- Bentuk yang paling umum dari modifier adalah prepositional phrase (kelompok kata yang dimulai dengan sebuah preposition dan diakhiri dengan sebuah noun

Preposition = on, out, under, behind, etc…

- Modifier menjawab pertanyaan when (kapan), where (dimana), atau how (bagaimana)

Contoh:

- John bought a book at a book fair

Where did John buy a book? –> at a book fair

- She is driving very fast

How is she driving? –> very fast

- I posted my application yesterday

When do I post my application? –> yesterday

Jadi , seperti ini unsur-unsur Subject, Verb, Complement dan Modifier dalam contoh kalimat :

We studied grammar last week.

S V C M

Verb Phrases

Verb phrases atau frase verba adalah frase yang tersusun dari verba utama ditambah dengan auxiliaries, adverbs, adverb phrases (or clauses), prepositional phrases, atau object. Dalam kalimat, frase verba berfungsi sebagai predikat.

Contoh:
- He was smoking.- After she had learned to drive, Alice felt more independent.
- We will meet at the library at 3:30 p.m.
- Henry made my coach very proud.

Dalam frase verba, verb selalu menjadi head, yang dapat disertai pre-modifiers dan/atau post-modifier.

Jika terdapat pre-modifiers, bisa berupa kata negative (not/never) atau adverb phrase.
- not say what he is doing.
- never needs money.
- He deliberately broke the window.

Kebanyakan head verba harus diikuti oleh post-modifiers.
- My son [made a cake].
- We [keep pigeons].
- I [recommend the fish].

Verba yang memerlukan post-modifiers biasa disebut transitive verbs. Post-modifiers pada contoh diatas disebut juga objek langsung (direct object) atau komplemen (complement of the head).

Sebaliknya, beberapa verba (intransitive verbs) digunakan tanpa objek langsung:
- Susan smiled.
- The professor yawned.

Tetapi, banyak juga verba dalam bahasa Inggris berlaku sebagai transitive dan intransitive, tergantung cara pemakaiannya dalam kalimat. Berikut adalah contoh penggunaan kedua bentuk verba tersebut:
- Mark smokes. (Intransitive)
- Mark smokes cigars. (Transitive)

Objek atau komplemen yang melengkapi frase verba tidak hanya objek langsung (direct object) tetapi juga dapat berupa objek tak langsung (indirect object).
- We [gave James a present].

yang harus diperhatikan j contoh berikut yang menggunakan verba to be sebagai head:
- David [is a musician]
- Amy [is clever]
- Our car [is in the car park]

· Tenses : Past , Present , Future

Untuk akan contoh kalimatnya agar mudah membedakannya terutama perubahan kata kerja dan verb BE yang digunakan. Caranya denganl mengubah keterangan waktu disesuaikan dengan masanya.berikut ini contohnya:

Kalimat aktif

Present tense	a. Simple present tense b. Present continuous tense c. Present perfect tense d. Present perfect continuous tense	– I eat fruits every morning. – She does it everyday. – They make cookies sometimes. – I am eating fruits now. – She is doing it. – They are making cookies when I come. – I have eaten fruits this morning. – She has done it since an hour. – They have made cookies for two hours. – I have been eating fruits this morning. – She has been doing it since an hour. -They have been making cookies for two hours.
Past tense	a. Simple past tense b. Past continuous tense c. Past perfect tense d. Past perfect continuous tense	– I ate fruits last morning. – She did it yesterday. – They made cookies last night. – I was eating fruits when it was rain. – She was doing it anymore. – They were making cookies when she came. – I had eaten fruits last morning. – She had done it for an hour last night. – They had made cookies for two hours. -I had been eating fruits this morning. – She had been doing it since an hour. – They had been making cookies for two hours.
Future tense	a. Simple future tense b. Future continuous tense c. Future perfect tense d. future perfect continuous tense	– I will eat fruits tomorrow morning. – She will do it then. – They will make cookies for me. – I will be eating fruits when you come. – She will be doing it. – They will be making cookies when I come. – I will have eaten fruits by the time you come. – She will have done it by two minutes. – They will have made cookies for two hours. -I will have been eating fruits tomorrow morning. – She will have been doing it. – They will have been making cookies by the time you leave.

Kalimat pasif

Present tense	a. Simple present tense b. Present continuous tense c. Present perfect tense d. Present perfect continuous tense	– Fruits are eaten by me every morning. – It is done by her everyday. – Cookies are made by them sometimes. – Fruits are being eaten by me now. – It is being done by her. – Cookies are being made by them to me. – Fruits have been eaten by me since morning. – It has been done by her. – Cookies have been made by them to me. – Fruits have been being eaten by me since morning. – It has been being done by her. – Cookies have been being made by them to me.
Past tense	a. Simple past tense b. Past continuous tense c. Past perfect tense d. Past perfect continuous tense	– Fruits were eaten by me last morning. – It was done by her yesterday. – Cookies were made by them yesterday. – Fruits were being eaten by me. – It was being done by her. – Cookies were being made by them to me. – Fruits had been eaten by me since this morning. – It had been done by her. – Cookies had been made by them to me. – Fruits had been being eaten by me since morning. – It had been being done by her. – Cookies had been being made by them to me.
Future tense	a. Simple future tense b. Future continuous tense c. Future perfect tense d. future perfect continuous tense	– Fruits will be eaten by me tomorrow morning. – It will be done by her. – Cookies will be made by them to me. – Fruits will be being eaten by me tomorrow. – It will be being done by her. – Cookies will be being made by them to me. – Fruits will have been eaten by me since morning. – It will have been done by her. – Cookies will have been made by them to me. – Fruits will have been being eaten by me since morning. – It will have been being done by her. – Cookies will have been being made by them to me.

Dengan keterarangan diatas, adanya beberapa perbedaan menggunakan kata kerja (verb) dang verb BE.

Problem Vocabulary and Prepositions

The following words are often misused by native english speakers as well as non native speakers. Sometimes the spelling are so similiar that people fail to distinguish between them. Others are pronounced exactly the same, but they are spelled differently and have different meanings. Words in the letter category are called homonyms. Study the words, parts of speecg (noun, verb, etc)

Definition, and simple sentence in his list.

ANGEL (noun) –a spiritual or heavenly being. The christmas card portayed a choir of angels hovering over the shephereds.

ANGEL (noun) –a figure out formed by two lines meetin at a common point. The carpenters placed the plunks at right angle.

· COMMONLY MISUSED WORDS

contoh :

A. To, too and two

1. It is the bad way to ask for help.
(Itu cara yang buruk untuk meminta bantuan)

2. He likes Badminton too.
(Dia suka bulutangkis juga.)

3. Only two cheese cakes left.
(Hanya dua kue keju tersisa.)

B. Male and mail

1. Many said that a male and female brain are different in structures and chemicals.
(Banyak yang mengatakan bahwa otak pria dan wanita berbeda strukturnya dan kimiawinya.)

2. I’ve just received your mail.
(Saya baru saja menerima suratmu.)

C. Your and You’re

1. Your sister is very beautiful.
(Saudaramu sangat cantik.)

2. You’re the best friend that I ever had.
(Kamu teman terbaik yang saya pernah punya.)

· CONFUSINGLY RELATED WORDS

Confusingly related verb adalah kata kerja yang saling berhubungan. Kata kerja ini mempunyai makna yang sama atau hampir sama tetapi penggunaannya berbeda.

A. Remind-remember

Remind dan remember memiliki arti yang hampir sama tetapi berbeda. Remind berarti mengingatkan (membuat orang menjadi ingat). Remember berarti ingat (ingat akan suatu hal).

Contoh

Remind =mengingatkan

1. Remind me to return this book to the library

(ingatkan aku untuk mengembalikan buku ini ke perpustakaan tersebut)

2. Remind me to save some money every time i get salary.

(ingatkan aku untuk menabung setiap kali aku gajian).

Remember=ingat akan suatu hal

1. I remember to lock the door.

(saya ingat untuk mengunci pintu)

2. I don't remember anything about the accident.

(aku tidak ingat apa apa tentang kecelakaan itu).

B. Borrow-lend

Borrow berarti meminjam (meminjamkan sesuatu kepada orang lain), lend berarti meminjamkan (meminjamkan, meminjami sesuatu kepada orang lain)

Contoh

Borrow = meminjam

She borrowed my books yesterday.

(dia meminjam buku bukuku kemarin)

Lend = meminjamkan

She lends me some money today.

(dia meminjami aku uang hari ini)

C. Ride – Drive

Ride dan Drive sama sama memiliki arti mengendarai. Namun penggunaannya berbeda. Ride berarti mengendarai dengan duduk diatasnya, misalnya sepeda, motor, unta, kuda. Drive berarti mengendarai dengan duduk di dalam kendaraan tersebut, misannya mobil, bus, truk, dll.

Contoh:

Ride :

1. today, I want to ride a camel

(hari ini aku mau naik unta)

2. I can’t ride bicycle or motorcycle

(aku tidak bisa mengendarai sepeda ataupun sepeda motor)

Drive

1. I will drive my father’s new car.

(aku akan mengendarai mobil baru ayahku)

2. Can you drive a truck

(dapatkah kamu mengendarai truk?)

· USE OF PREPOSITIONS(PENGGUNAAN KATA DEPAN)

Kata depan dalam bahasa inggris atau Preposition adalah bagian dari part of speech yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan kata benda, kata ganti, atau frase dengan kata lain dalam sebuah kalimat. Kata ganti biasanya terletak didepan kata benda atau kata ganti. Kata atau frase yang dimodifikasi oleh Preposisi di sebut Object of Preposition.
Contoh Preposition
- The book is on the table.
- The book is beside the table
- The book is beneath the table
Dari 3 contoh preposition / kata depan dalam bahasa inggris diatas bisa dilihat bahwa ketiga kalimat tersebut sama-sama menghubungkan kata “book” atau buku dengan kata dalam kalimat tersebut.

Info Kata Depan dalam Bahasa Inggris (Preposition)

- Preposition / kata depan dalam bahasa inggris tidak bisa diikuti oleh kata kerja. Preposition hanya diikuti oleh kata benda
- Yang termasuk kata benda adalah
1. Noun (kata benda) : dog,table
2. Proper noun (nama orang/nama tempat) : Jakarta, Supii
3. Pronoun (Kata ganti) : His, Me, Her
- Jika ingin menyertakan preposition / kata depan dalam bahasa inggris dengan kata kerja, biasanya kita mengubah kata kerja tersebut ke dalam bentuk “ing” yang disebut Gerund.
- Ada berbagai macam bentuk kata depan dalam bahasa inggris / preposition, namun jenis kata yang sering digunakan adalah “above, “after,” “against,” “among,” “around,” “at,” “before,” “behind,” “below,”,” “beside,” “between,” “beyond,” “but,” “by,”, “down,” “during,” “except,” “for,” “from,” “in,” “inside,” “into,” “like,” “near,” “of,” “off,” “on,” “onto,” “out,” “outside,” “over,” “past,” “since,” “through “till,” “to,” “toward,” “under,” “underneath,” “until,” “up,” “upon,” “with,”,” and “without.”

6 Macam Jenis Kata Depan dalam Bahasa Inggris (Preposition)

No	Jenis Preposisi	Definisi	Contoh preposition
1	Preposition of Time	Digunakan untuk kata waktuAda 3 macam kata yaitu On,In,dan At	In digunakan pada1.bulan dan tahunIn September,In 19912. waktu-waktu tertentu In the morning, in first week of December, In winter On digunakan pada 1.Hari On Saturday 2.Tanggal On 1924 3. Hari-hari tertentu On my birthday At 1.Jam At 07.30 Am 2.Pada waktu tertentu yang jelas At noon, At lunch time
2	Preposition of Place	Untuk menunjukkan tempatSama seperti preposition of time ada 3 jenis kata yang digunakan yaitu On,In,At	In digunakan pada tempat yang ber-ruangIn hall,In school,In a Building On digunakan pada permukaan suatu tempat On a table On the wall On the roof At digunakan pada tempat-tempat tertentu. Biasanya nama jalan, nama kota. At Bogor At the entrance of School
3	Preposition for Direction	Digunakan untuk menggambarkan arah. Biasanya menggunakan kata to,toward,through,into	She goes to libraryShe ran away when she felt someone was coming toward her.
4	Preposition for Agent	Digunakan untuk sebuah benda yang menjadi sebab atau pelaku dalam sebuah kalimat.Biasanya menggunakan kata by, dan with.	This book is written by AtengThe bottle is filled with water
5	Preposition for Device , Instrument, or Machine.	Seperti judulnya, jenis kata ini digunakan pada alat atau sebuah mesin. Biasanya menggunakan kata by atau with	She comes by Bus dailyShe opens the door with key
6	Prepositional phrases	Gabungan dari kata kerja dan preposisi.	She is listening to musicWe Believe in God

· Verbal Idioms

Sebuah kelompok kata (frase) yang digabungkan sehingga menimbulkan arti yang baru & berbeda dari kata-kata pembentuknya.
Contoh:
“Under the weather” – kurang enak badan.
I can’t go to work today, I’m a bit under the weather.
Contoh lain:
“add fuel to the fire” – memperburuk keadaan yang sulit.
That’s enough! You’re only adding fuel to the fire!

COMMON COMBINATION & PREPOSITION

NOUN + PREPOSITION

Banyak noun (kata benda), terutama abstract noun, memiliki preposition (kata depan) yang mengikutinya. Preposition tersebut selanjutnya diikuti oleh objek (object of preposition) berupa noun (kata benda) atau frasa yang berfungsi sebagai noun (contoh: gerund phrase) membentuk prepositional phrase.

Secara umum preposition merupakan kata penghubung yang berfungsi untuk menghubungkan objeknya dengan bagian lain di dalam kalimat. Dengan demikian, konstruksi noun + prepositional phrase (preposition + object of preposition) untuk menunjukkan bahwa noun berhubungan dengan apa (objek of preposition). Contoh :

- Where can I get information about anorexia nervosa?

(Dimana saya dapat memperoleh informasi tentang anorexia nervosa?)

- I won’t hold a grudge against them.

(Saya tidak akan menyimpan dendam kepada mereka.)

- He doesn’t know how to control his anger at work.

(Dia tidak tahu bagaimana cara mengontrol kemarahannya di tempat kerja.)

- We all know that the bond between a mother and her child is priceless.

(Kita semua tahu bahwa ikatan antara seorang ibu dan anaknya tak ternilai.)

ADJ + PREPOSITION

Kombinasi adjective dan preposition di dalam kalimat digunakan untuk membuat pernyataan tentang sikap atau perasaan seseorang terhadap sesuatu.

Tidak semua adjective memiliki “pasangan” preposition dan ada sebagian adjective yang dapat menggunakan beberapa preposition. Sayangnya tidak ada pola khusus untuk membentuk kombinasi tersebut. Kita hanya perlu menemukan dan mengingatnya.Contoh :

1. afraid of (takut akan/pada)

– My daughter is afraid of dogs.

2. angry with (marah kepada/dengan)

– My boss was angry with his driver.

3. bored with (bosan dengan)

– I’m bored with this TV program.

4. good at (jago/hebat pada)

–He is not very good at mathematics.

5. interested in (tertarik pada)

– Are you interested in the promotion?

6. married to (menikah dengan)

– Her sister is married to an Australian.

7. proud of (bangga akan/kepada)

– I’m always proud of my children.

8. famous for (terkenal akan)

– This city is famous for its hospitality.

9. different from (berbeda dari/dengan)

– My problem is different from yours.

10. full of (penuh dengan)

– Your composition was full of mistakes

VERB + PREPOSITION

Prepositional verb adalah suatu verb (kata kerja) hasil kombinasi antara verb dan preposition (kata depan). Kata kerja ini bermakna idiom, sehingga mungkin sulit ditebak dari kata-kata penyusunnya. Kata kerja ini selalu transitive (diikuti direct object) dimana objek tersebut ditempatkan setelah preposition.

1. agree with (setuju dengan)

– Do you agree with the director?

2. apologize for (meminta maaf atas)

– Have you apologized for your mistake.

3. believe in (percaya adanya)

– Do they believe in God?

4. care about (peduli pada)

– She doesn’t care about other people.

5. depend on (tergantung pada)

– The result will depend on your score.

6. consist of (terdiri dari)

– Indonesia consists of 33 provinces.

7. rely on (mengandalkan)

– Can we rely on the gardener?

8. listen to (mendengar/menyimak)

– Your friend never listens to me?

9. laugh at (tertawa pada)

– Are the people laughing at us?

10. apply for (melamar pekerjaan)

– Has your brother applied for the job?

FORM AND STYLE OF BUSINESS LETTER

FORM OF BUSINESS LETTER

1. Letter Head (Kop Surat)

Merupakan identitas yang berisi logo, nama, alamat dan telepon dari pengirim surat.
Contoh kop surat :

2. Reference Line
Didalam surat berbahasa Inggris biasanya berisi huruf depan nama eksekutif yang menandatangani surat tersebut, diikuti dengan garis miring atau titik dua, lalu nama pengetik surat. Beberapa perusahaan menambahkan kode atau nomor tertentu berdasarkan sistem arsip mereka. Reference diletakkan dibagian atas surat diatas date.
Contoh : Your ref : 22 March 2004
Our Ref : BS/KF

3. Date Line ( Tanggal )
Ini adalah bagian tanggal pembuatan surat. Sedangkan format penulisan tanggal adalah bulan/hari/tahun, misalkan August 30, 2012.
Contoh penulisan date menggunakan British Style
03rd April 1990
Format penulisan British Style hampir sama dengan penulisan dalam Bahasa Indonesia hanya saja pada tanggal ditambahkan akhiran bilangan bertingkat. Posisi date pada British Style ditempatkan di sebelah kanan atas surat.

Contoh penulisan date menggunakan American Style
April 03, 1990
Penulisan date menggunakan American Style ditempatkan di sebelah kiri atas surat dengan format Month Date, Year.

4. Inside Address

Bagian ini berisi nama penerimaan surat, jabatanya, dan nama perusahaannya disertai alamatnya. Jika kamu tidak yakin untuk siapa (nama) surat tersebut ditujukan, jangan kosongkan, tetapi coba untuk mengunakan jabatannya, seperti “Director of Human Resources”. Beri jarak antara tanggal dengan penerima.

5. Attention Line
Sebuah Alternatif untuk menempatkan penerima surat.

6. Solutition (Salam Pembuka)

Dalam bagian ini, istilah yang digunakan adalah “Dear Mr./Mrs./Ms. (nama terakhir penerimaan)”, misalkan “Dear Mr. Fathoni”. Tetapi jika nama penerimanya tidak dikethui, tulis nama departementnya, misalkan “Dear Director of Department of Human Resource”. Beri jarak antara salam pembuka dengan isi.

Untuk Mitra bisnis yang sudah saling akrab biasanya menuliskan dengan “Dear Sue”
Penggunaan tanda baca pada salutation menggunakan British Style dituliskan tanpa tanda baca (titik koma atau koma) dan dalam American Style menggunakan tanda titik dua.
Dear Mr Krisman => contoh dalam British Style
Dear Mr. Krisman: => contoh dalam American Style

7.Subject Line (Perihal)

Perihal membuat penerima surat lebih mudah menemukan maksud dari surat tersebut, misalnya Invitation, Apology, dan lain sebagainya. Ini merupakan bagian optional dari business letter, artinya kita bisa mencantumkannya atau tidak.Penulisan subject menggunakan British Style: Subject ditempatkan diantara salutation dan isi surat.

Penulisan subject menggunakan American Style: Subject ditempatkan diatas salutation.

8. Body Of Letter ( Isi Surat )

Isi surat merupakan tempat dimana kamu menuliskan hal yang ingin disampaikan. Paragraph di isi surat harus menggunakan spasi tunggal (single space) dan tanpa adanya jarak pemisah antara masing-masing paragrap. Beri jarak antara bagian akhir isi dengan penutup.

9. Complimentary Close ( Salam Penutup )
Bagian ini sebagai penanda bahwa surat anda telah selesai, biasanya diakhiri dengan penulisan “Sincerely”, “Sincerely yours”, “Thank you”, dan lain sebagainya. Catat, Terdapat sebuah koma di akhir penutup dan hanya huruf pertama yang menggunakan huruf kapital. Beri jarak 3-4 baris antara penutup dengan nama, yang nantinya diguankan untuk tempat tanda tangan.

10. Signature ( Tanda Tangan )

Bagian ini adalah tanda tangan penulis, biasanya menggunakan tinta warna hitam atau biru.

11. Enclosure ( Lampiran )

Jika sebuah surat berisi dokument atau lampiran lain selain surat tersebut, penulis haru menampilakan jumlah lampiran tersebut yaitu dengan menggunakan “Enclosure (jumah lampiran)”, misalkan “Enclosure (6)”.

12. Carbon Copy Natation ( Tembusan Surat ).
Bagian ini digunakan untuk menginformasikan kepada penerima surat, bahwa surat tersebut juga dikirimkan kepada pihak yang perlu mengetahui isi surat. CC ditempatkan di kiri bawah surat.
Contoh : CC : Bagian Keuangan

Surat bisnis adalah komunikasi formal antara kertas, atau bisnis dan biasanya dikirim melalui Kantor Pos atau kadang-kadang oleh kurir. Surat bisnis kadang-kadang disebut “mail” (sebagai lawan dari email yang lebih cepat). Adapun sebuah surat memiliki bagian-bagian yakni :

Letter Head (kepala surat)

Letter Head atau biasa disebut dengan kepala surat. Terletak di paling atas dari sebuah surat. Baik surat resmi untuk pemerintah atau perusahaan. Kepala Surat tersebut berisikan nama perusahaan, alamat perusahaan, nomor telepon, faksimili, e-mail perusahaan, website perusahaan, logo perusahaan dll.

Date (tanggal)

Tanggal surat berfungsi untuk memberitahu kepada si penerima surat kapan surat itu ditulis. Tanggal surat terletak di kanan atas pada surat pembaca. Dalam penulisan tanggal nama bulan tidak boleh disingkat atau ditulis dengan angka saja. Harus jelas dan lengkap.Dalam penulisan tanggal dibedakan menjadi dua jenis yaitu menggunakan gaya penulisan British style dan American Style.

Contoh :

British style

08^thDesember 2011

Gaya penulisan tanggal British style sama dengan gaya penulisan tanggal pada gaya Bahasa Indonesia. Hanya saja pada British style ditambahakan akhiran bilangan bertingkat seperti 1st, 2nd, 3rd, dst. Posisi tanggal terletak di kanan atas surat.

American style

September 07, 2011

Gaya penulisan tanggal American style nama bulan ditempatkan di posisi awal disusul tanggal diakhiri tanda

koma dan tahun. Posisi tanggal terletak di kiri atas surat.

Inside Addres (alamat yang dituju)

Berisikan nama dan alamat yang dituju, terletak di bagian kiri atas sebuah surat. Biasanya dalam penulisan

Inside Address selain nama dan alamat penerima, disertakan juga nama lengkap beserta jabatannya serta

kodepos dan Negara yang dituju.

Salutation (salam pembuka)

Salam pembuka terletak di bawah alamat dan sebelum isi surat. berfungsi sebagai salam pembuka atau tanda hormat penulis. Salam pembuka dituliskan di sebelah kiri. Huruf pertama awal kata ditulis huruf kapital, sedangkan kata yang lain ditulis huruf kecil semua. Ada dua jenis salam pembuka dalam penulisan surat yaitu British style, dan American style.

Contoh :

British style : Dear Sir, Dear Miss, Dear Mrs.

American style : Dear Sir

Body of the Letter (isi surat)

Isi surat merupakan bagian dari pokok surat berisi pesan atau informasi yang penulis ingin sampaikan secara detail. Pesan yang tertulis dalam surat haruslah jelas dan langsung pada pokok permasalahan yang akan dibahas.

Complimentary Close (salam penutup)

Salam penutup dari sebuah isi surat berfungsi untuk menunjukkan rasa hormat penulis. Huruf awal kata salam penutup ditulis dengan huruf kapital, sedangkan kata yang lainnya ditulis dengan huruf kecil. Sesudah salam penutup dibubuhkan tanda koma. Salam penutup biasanya berupa kalimat “Yours Faithfully” ,” Yours Truly”, “Yours Sincerely”. Salam penutup dibagi menjadi dua tipe yaitu Britsh style dan American style.

Contoh :
Britsh style : Dear Madam, Dear Sirs, Dear Mr, Dear Miss, Dear Mrs, Yours
Sincerely, Sincerely, With Best Wishes.
American style : Sir, Madam, Gentlemen, Your Obedient Servant, Sincerely Yours.

Signature and Writer’s Identification (tanda tangan dan nama penulis)

Berupa tanda tangan penulis terletak pada sisi kanan bawah pembaca surat., beserta nama jelas penulis surat. Di cantumkan di bawah tanda tangan dengan huruf awal ditulis dengan huruf capital, tanpa diberi tanda kurung.

Tujuan dari sebuah Business Letter

Business Letter adalah jenis surat resmi (formal letter) yang berfungsi sebagai cara berkomunikasi antara dua atau lebih perusahaan. Terdapat banyak perbedaan penggunaan dalam Business Letter. Business Letter dapat bersifat menyampaikan informasi (informational), bujukan (persuasive), motivasi (motivational), atau promosi (promotional). Business Letter harus diketik dan diprint-out pada kertas putih standard berukuran 8,5 x 11.

Unsur-unsur dari sebuah surat yang baik

Unsur terpenting dari menulis surat yang baik adalah kemampuan penulis mengindentifikasi untuk siapa surat itu ditujukan. Jika penulis mengrimkan suratnya ke departement sumberdaya manusia, hindari penggunaan istilah-istilah tehnik tinggi yang hanya makenik yang bisa memahaminya.

New Roman”,serif; text-align: justify;”>Unsur selanjutnya adalah yakinkan bahwa tujuan yang dari penulisan surat haruslah jelas dan ringkas. Jangan buat tujuan dari surat tersebut tidak jelas, kebanyakan orang menulis surat dengan unsur yang tidak dibutuhkan secara ditail, seharusnya surat ditulis hanya denga point yang akan disampaikan tanpa adanya basa-basi yang terlalu.

Unsur penting yang lainnya adalah bersikap prefossional dalam penulisan surat, sikap prefossional disini bermakna sopan, halus, hindari ancaman dan fitnah, tempatkan masalah dengan informasi yang relevan bahkan jika itu adalah surat keluhan.

Beberapa contoh dari business letter atau surat bisnis bahasa inggris ini semoga dapat bernanfaat.

Check this out.

1. Contoh business letter (Block Format)

3519 Front Street
Mount Celebres, CA 65286

October 5, 2004

Ms. Betty Johnson
Accounts Payable
The Cooking Store
765 Berliner Plaza
Industrial Point, CA 68534

Dear Ms. Johnson:

It has come to my attention that your company, The Cooking Store has been late with paying their invoices for the past three months.
In order to encourage our customers to pay for their invoices before the due date, we have implemented a discount model where we’ll give you 2% off your invoice if you pay us within 10 days of receiving the invoice.
I hope that everything is going well for you and your company. You are one of our biggest customers, and we appreciate your business. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me at (555) 555-5555.

Sincerely,

Signature
Bob Powers

Accounts Receivable

2. Contoh Business Letter (Modified Block Format)

3519 Front Street
Mount Celebres, CA 65286

October 5, 2004

Ms. Betty Johnson
Accounts Payable
The Cooking Store
765 Berliner Plaza
Industrial Point, CA 68534

Dear Ms. Johnson:

Sincerely,

Signature

Bob,Powers

Accounts Receivable

3. Contoh Business Letter (Semi-block Format)

3519 Front Street
Mount Celebres, CA 65286

October 5, 2004

Ms. Betty Johnson
Accounts Payable
The Cooking Store
765 Berliner Plaza
Industrial Point, CA 68534

Dear Ms. Johnson:

It has come to my attention that your company, The Cooking Store has been late with paying their invoices for the past three months.

In order to encourage our customers to pay for their invoices before the due date, we have implemented a discount model where we’ll give you 2% off your invoice if you pay us within 10 days of receiving the invoice.

I hope that everything is going well for you and your company. You are one of our biggest customers, and we appreciate your business. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me at (555) 555-5555.

Sincerely,

Signature

Bob Powers

Accounts Receivable

Berikut contoh-contoh lengkapnya :

1. FULL BLOCK OR PURELY BLOCK STYLE

1234 Bagong Lipunan St., Tambo
Paranaque City, Metro Manila
August 26, 2008

Fire Department
Paranaque City Hall
Sucat, Paranaque City

Dear Sir:

I, Mr. Juancho Z. Menoy, a Paranaque resident since birth and a representative of my parents, am filing a complaint against our neighbor, Mr. Arsenio Dizon, regarding his apartment which is a fire hazard.

The three-storey apartment does not comply with the safety requirements for commercial buildings. First, it has no fire exit and no fire wall. Second, there are no fire extinguishers. Third, it has no electricity; some of the occupants who may be using candles can pose a hazard, especially that there are portions of the apartment that are made of light materials. Fourth, there are some occupants who store their kalakal (used paper, plastic bottles, plastic cups, plastic containers, and easily combustible materials) here and nearby.

Just recently, a fire which lasted for days hit the Baclaran commercial area. My family and I were once fire victims. I do not want to encounter the same traumatic experience. Concern for my safety and that of my family and my neighborhood prompted me to air this complaint.

An ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure; thus, it is best to act upon this matter before another fire in our area breaks out.

Your prompt attention and favorable action on this matter shall be highly appreciated.

Very truly yours,

JUANCHO Z. MENOY

2. MODIFIED BLOCK STYLE

November 28, 2008

MS. BECKY O. FURAGGANAN
Head, Human Resource Development Office
Central Colleges of the Philippines
52 Aurora Boulevard, Quezon City

Dear Ms. Furagganan:

In response to your memorandum dated November 24, 2008 regarding the tea with the CCP President, I would like to inform that I was unable to attend such celebration because I had to attend my classes in the University of the East where I teach part-time.

During the second week of classes, I had my bereavement leave here and in UE in order to attend to the wake of my father. Unfortunately, there were no teachers assigned to substitute for me in all my classes in both schools so I decided to attend my classes there, instead of the tea party, because my students were already behind as far as their lessons are concerned.

I hope that you understand my situation.

Very truly yours,

JESUS Z. MENOY
CAS-Education Faculty

3. SEMI-BLOCK STYLE

College of Arts and Sciences-Education
CENTRAL COLLEGES OF THE PHILS.
52 Aurora Boulevard, Quezon City
October 20, 2008

MS. JUDY LICAS
Scholarship Committee
Central Colleges of the Philippines
52 Aurora Boulevard, Quezon City

Dear Ms. Licas:

This serves to inform you that Ms. PRINCESS JANNEL D. YASAY, a freshman Education student enrolled last semester in my English 1 with CAI class, failed to take the final oral examination and, as a consequence, was given a grade of Incomplete. Her failure to take such examination was due to the fact that she had to attend the burial of her grandparent on the day of the examination.

Ms. Yasay is a community scholar and her Incomplete grade in English 1 would cause her to lose her scholarship. To help her continue her studies, I let her take the oral examination and so she was given a grade of 2.50.

I hope that you reconsider her application for scholarship. Her failure was a result not of her incompetency, but of circumstances beyond her control.

Very truly yours,

JESUS Z. MENOY
CAS-Education Faculty

4. SIMPLIFIED STYLE

College of Arts and Sciences
CENTRAL COLLEGES OF THE PHILIPPINES
52 Aurora Boulevard, Quezon City
February 20, 2006

_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________

The College of Arts and Sciences will stage an oratorical contest on February 23, 2006, 9:00 a.m. at the Studio Theater as part of the celebration of English Week from February 22 to 24, 2006.

In connection with the foregoing, we are inviting you to serve as a judge for the said contest. We have chosen you as one of the judges because we believe in your objectivity, capacity, and integrity.

Shall you accept or reject our invitation, please let us know the soonest possible.

PROF. JESUS Z. MENOY
CAS Faculty

5. HANGING-INDENTED STYLE

ART APPRECIATION CLUB OF CENTRAL COLLEGES OF THE PHILIPPINES
52 Aurora Boulevard, Quezon City

July 10, 2008

DR. ROSENDA DE GRACIA
Assistant Vice-President for Academic Affairs
Central Colleges of the Philippines
52 Aurora Boulevard, Quezon City

Dear Dr. de Gracia:

Good day!

Inasmuch as there are three newly formed student organizations handled by the
College of Arts and Sciences, I am suggesting the following faculty members to
serve as advisers based on their interests and expertise:

Prof. Jesus Z, Menoy – Art Appreciation Club of CCP
Prof. Marianne Abuan –CCP Theater Guild
Prof. Clio Apacible – CCP Dance Troupe
Prof. Mil Flores – CCP School Paper

I hope for your approval of the above suggestion.

Respectfully yours,

JESUS Z. MENOY
Acting Adviser
Art Appreciation Club of CCP

6. INDENTED STYLE

College of Arts and Sciences-Education
Central Colleges of the Phils.
52 Aurora Boulevard, QC
July 30, 2008

Prof. RAMIL RABANG
Faculty Member
College of Computer Studies
Central Colleges of the Philippines
52 Aurora Boulevard, Quezon City

Dear Prof. Rabang:

Please excuse from your CS 411 class today the following students who are members of the Art Appreciation Club of Central Colleges of the Philippines (AACCCP):

Abellana, Jonas Lotero, April Joyce
Ancheta, Kristel Ochinang, Christiana Marie
Ang, Katherine Orpiano, Mary Daisy
Balatico, James Russell Pino, April James
Balbuena, Adrian Santos, Maria Joebel
Boringot, Aileene Sanvictores, Janice Valerie
Clav eria, Ma. Kattleya Siman, Fairy Aubrey
Combalicer, Francis Fidel Sorrel, Sheryll
De Vera, Rizza Juno Tambanillo, Mariter
Embalsado, Kenneth Velario, Milany

The above-mentioned students will attend the initial meeting of the AACCCP members, together with the CCP President, Atty. Crispino Reyes. The meeting will start at 1:00 p.m. and will end at an undetermined time.

I hope for your consideration on this matter.

Very truly yours,

JESUS Z. MENOY
Faculty Member
CAS-Education

7. MEMORANDUM STYLE

College of Arts and Sciences-Education
CENTRAL COLLEGES OF THE PHILIPPINES
52 Aurora Boulevard, Quezon City

MEMORANDUM

TO: Humanities and Freshman English Instructors

THRU: Dr. Rosenda de Gracia, AVPAA

FROM: Prof. Jesus Z. Menoy

DATE: July 21, 2008

SUBJECT: Change of Schedule of Film Viewing

Please be informed that the film viewing of “Romeo and Juliet” and “Swan Lake” slated on July 23 and 30, 2008, respectively, was postponed to September 24 and October 1, 2008 inasmuch as the Studio Theater will be used by some student organizations who scheduled their activities there earlier.

To make use of the afternoon slot, the members of the Art Appreciation Club of Central Colleges of the Philippines will hold a general assembly in HR 230 from 1:00 to 3:00 pm to discuss matters pertaining to the membership fees, the organization’s constitution and by-laws, and the election of officers. Therefore, please advise your students who applied for membership in the AACCCP to attend its initial meeting.

Your cooperation in this regard is expected.

Subject-Verb Agreement & Vocabulary and Reading

Subject-verb agreement adalah persesuaian antara verb (kata kerja) dengan subject kalimat dalam hal number, yaitu: singular (tunggal) atau plural (jamak).

Subjek dapat berupa noun (kata benda), pronoun (kata ganti), atau konstruksi lain yang berakting sebagai noun, seperti gerund dan infinitive. Pada dasarnya, singular subject (subjek tunggal) menggunakan singular verb (kata kerja tunggal), sedangkan plural subject (subjek jamak) menggunakan plural verb (kata kerja jamak).

Subject-Verb Agreement

Secara umum pada bentuk present tense, singular verb berupa base form (bentuk dasar) dariverb dengan ditambahkan ending (akhiran) -s. Adapun pada plural verb tanpa ditambahkanending -s (sebaliknya, plural subject ditambahkan ending -s). Aturan kata kerja ini berlaku pula pada subjek berupa third person (orang ketiga, contoh: Ricky, Anna) dan semua personal pronoun (they, we= jamak; he, she, it= tunggal), kecuali I dan you. Walaupun berupa subjek tunggal, I dan you dipasangkan dengan kata kerja bentuk jamak (tidak termasuk verb “be” (was, am) pada “I”).

No	Contoh Kalimat Subject-Verb Agreement
1	The sun rises. (Matahari terbit.)
2	The stars shine. (Bintang bersinar.)
3	Leo rarely eats white bread. (Leo jarang makan roti putih.)
4	You go straight ahead then turn left. (Kamu jalan lurus ke depan lalu belok kiri.)

Jika dalam lengkapnay sebagai berikut ini :

Vocabulary

 Subject - the doer of the action or state of being in a sentence or clause in a sentence.

 Verb - when used with the term subject, verb refers to the predicate in the sentence or clause in a sentence.

 Agreement - a term in grammar which refers to the consistency in gender, number, and person.

 Subject-verb agreement - the consistency in singular or plural (number) between the subject and predicate in a sentence or clause in a sentence: a singular noun must have a singular verb.

 Singular nouns - nouns (person, place, thing, or idea) indicating only one, generally not ending in the letter s: ship (singular); ships (plural - more than one).

 Plural nouns - nouns (person, place, thing, or idea) indicating more than one, generally ending in the letter s: (ship (singular); ships (plural - more than one). Irregular plural nouns: children, men, women, oxen, syllabi

 Singular verbs - action words or state of being conveying action or state of being of one subject, generally ends in the letter -s in the present tense: She goes, He rides

 Plural verbs - action words or state of being conveying action of state of being of more than one subject, generally not ending in the letter -s in the present tense: They ride, They explore

 Prepositional phrases - a word group beginning with a preposition (a word showing position) and an object: by the sea, in the house, under the tree. Occasionally, a prepositional phrase is between a subject and verb in a sentence or clause in the sentence.

 Relative pronoun phrase - a word group beginning with a relative pronoun (such as who, whom, which, whichever, whose, that) such as who is in the dining room or that will be taken

 Indefinite pronoun - a pronoun (a word that can take the place of a noun) which does not indicate whether it is singular or plural.

 Some are always singular such as each, either, neither, and words that end in -body (anybody, somebody).

 Some indefinite pronouns are always plural such as few, many, several, both.

 Either/or; Neither/nor - separately the words either and neither are always singular. When used with the words or or nor, the verb agrees with the part of the subject which is closest.

 Some indefinite pronouns are based on context: all, any, none, most, some. The number (singular or plural) depends upon what noun these words are referring to in the sentence.

 Verb tense - variations of verbs to indicate time of action: past, present, future, progressive, and perfect

 Incorrect shifts in tense - where the tense in one part of the sentence does not reflect the literal time of the action in relation to the other part of the sentence

 Correct shifts in tense - where the tense in one part of the sentence reflects the literal time of the action in relation to the other part of the sentence

 Verb form - Verb form refers to the variety of a verb can be expressed:

 base form of verb – the simplest form of a verb: see, run, think

 the -s form of the verb – third person present form – She reads

 present participle – the -ing form of a verb

 past form of the verb – the past tense

 the past participle – generally the same as the past tense – the -ed form of the verb\

Arranging a Business Meeting

Meeting memberikan Anda dan rekan bisnis Anda kesempatan untuk memperkuat hubungan kerja , bertukar pikiran dan memecahkan masalah . Namun, pengaturan pertemuan tidak selalu sesederhana mengirim e -mail dengan permintaan untuk bertemu . Ada logistik yang terjadi di balik layar untuk memastikan orang muncul di tempat yang tepat , pada waktu dan dengan ide-ide yang tepat .

Mengungkapkan Tujuan

Hal pertama yang perlu dipertimbangkan ketika mengatur pertemuan bisnis mengapa harus terjadi. Beberapa pertemuan fokus pada tim-bangunan dan membuat perusahaan Anda tempat yang lebih menarik. Lainnya mendukung perencanaan atau pelaksanaan proyek jangka panjang, atau menyampaikan berita dari promosi. Pertemuan yang informal, pendek atau memiliki peserta lebih sedikit cenderung membutuhkan agenda. Ketika Anda perlu sebuah agenda, termasuk judul pertemuan, tanggal, peserta dan tujuan keseluruhan di bagian atas dokumen Anda. Ikuti dengan topik utama diskusi - termasuk perkenalan dan langkah-langkah selanjutnya yang diperlukan.

Tentukan Peserta

Pilih peserta untuk pertemuan yang berada di lingkaran langsung ketika datang ke informasi yang akan dikomunikasikan atau keputusan yang harus dibuat. Ada aspek teknis untuk yang Anda undang, tetapi ada juga "rasa" Anda ingin membuat. Idealnya, peserta rapat bersemangat untuk belajar dan berbagi - hormat memberikan ide sebanyak yang mereka ambil. Individu yang membuat keputusan penting harus menerima semua informasi dan bersedia untuk berinvestasi dalam hasil terbaik. Hindari mengundang lebih dari delapan peserta untuk mempertahankan aliran yang baik dan struktur. Seorang moderator membantu menjaga pertemuan Anda di jalur, berikut ini akan dijelaskan lebih mendalam menggunakan bahasa inggris:

A letter of Inquiry

What is inquiry latter? Inquiry latter is the letters that are written for collecting information abaout job seekers, price, products, and service berfore awarding jobs, granting credit, making contracts and giving promotions are known as letters of inquiry. These letters are written to a third party seeking information about either a job or a company that whishes to make a business relationship.

Quible and other defined, “Letters of Inquiry are a type of business message that asksthe recipient for information or assistance”

Berikut merupakan Type of Inquiry latter :

1. Personal Status inquiry latters.

The letters that are written by prospective employers for obtaining information about job applicant are called Personal status inquiry letter. Employers write this letter to obtain information relating to the applicant’s personal and family background, ability, skills, honestly, character, integrity, quality of performance, fitness for job and etc. Generally this letters is written to the referees mentioned by the concerned applicant.

2. Business status inquiry letter.

When business enterprise writes letter to another business enterprise for collecting information about a prospective customer. It is known as business status inquiry letter. This letter is ussualy written for collecting information about financial capability, good will nature of business dealings, honesty etc.

Making General Business

Membuat General Business bertanggung jawab untuk mengajar kursus bisnis umum diperlukan dari Lebow mahasiswa . Kursus ini mencakup Yayasan Bisnis I dan II dan Business Consulting . Departemen ini juga menawarkan kursus seminar kewirausahaan sosial , pengambilan keputusan dan kepemimpinan . instruktur Umum Bisnis departemen akan memperkenalkan Anda kepada semua bidang fungsional bisnis , aspek kuantitatif pengambilan keputusan dan faktor perilaku umum untuk semua struktur organisasi , berikut ini akan dijelaskan lebih mendalam menggunakan bahasa inggris:

A letter of Inquiry

Quible and other defined, “Letters of Inquiry are a type of business message that asksthe recipient for information or assistance”

Type of Inquiry latter :

1. Personal Status inquiry latters.

2. Business status inquiry letter.

Pronouns

Personal pronouns adalah kata ganti untuk orang, binatang, tempat, atau sesuatu benda. Dalam kalimat, personal pronouns dapat digunakan sebagai subjek (the subject of a verb) maupun objek (the object of a verb)

Subject Pronouns

Personal pronouns yang digunakan sebagai subjek kata kerja adalah I, you, he, she, it, we,dan they. Perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut ini:

- Lisa likes cats. She has four cats.

Pada kalimat pertama, Lisa (proper noun) adalah subjek kalimat atau subjek kata kerja likes. Sedangkan pada kalimat kedua, she adalah subjek kalimat dan sebagai kata ganti untuk Lisa.

Beberapa contoh personal pronouns sebagai subjek:

- My name is Michael. I am fourteen.

- My father works hard. He works in a factory.

- My sister is older than me. She is twelve.

- Our dog is very naughty. It likes to chase cats.

- Bob, you are a bad boy!

- David and I are playing football. We like sports.

- Jim and Jeff are my brothers. They are older than I am.

Object Pronouns

Personal pronouns yang digunakan sebagai objek kata kerja adalah me, you, him, her, it, usdan them. Perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut ini:

- Lisa likes cats. She likes to stroke them.

Pada kalimat pertama, cats adalah objek kalimat atau objek kata kerja likes. Sedangkan pada kalimat kedua, them adalah objek kalimat dan sebagai kata ganti untuk cats.

Beberapa contoh personal pronouns sebagai objek:

- I’m doing my homework. Dad is helping me.

- Goodbye, children! I’ll call you later.

- Where is John? I need to speak to him.

- Miss Garcia is very nice. All the children like her.

- The car is very dirty. Mom is cleaning it.

- Uncle Harry called Mary to ask her a question.

- My chocolates are all gone. Someone has eaten them.

Dalam tata bahasa Inggris, pembicara atau orang yang berbicara disebut dengan orang pertama (first person), sedangkan yang diajak berbicara adalah orang kedua (second person), dan orang yang dibicarakan disebut sebagai orang ketiga (third person).

Berikut ini adalah tabel kata ganti untuk orang pertama (first person), kedua (second person), dan ketiga (third person).


	subject	object
first person singular	I	me
second person singular	you	you
third person singular	he	him
	she	her
	it	it
first person plural	we	us
second person plural	you	you
third person plural	they	them

Verb as Complement & Vocabulary and reading

Complement adalah kata atau kelompok kata yang melengkapi makna dari subject, verb, atau object. Dengan demikian, ada tiga macam complement, yaitu: subject, verb, danobject complement.

· Subject Complement
Pengertian Subject Complement

Subject complement adalah noun, pronoun, adjective, atau konstruksi lain (berperan sebagai noun atau adjective) yang mengikuti verbs of being atau linking verb serta berfungsi menerangkan atau merujuk subjek kalimat.

Subject complement terbagi menjadi tiga yaitu: predicate adjective (subjek dihubungkan dengan adjective), predicate noun (subjek dihubungkan dengan noun), dan predicate pronoun (subjek dihubungkan dengan pronoun).

Contoh Subject Complement [SC= bold, linking verb= italic]

Contoh Kalimat Subject Complement	Keterangan
Mr. Mamat was a great headmaster. (Mr. Mamat adalah kepala sekolah yang hebat.)	headmaster (predicate noun)= menerangkan subjek (Mr. Mamat); a, great= modifier yang menerangkan headmaster; a great headmaster= noun phrase
That lady is very beautiful. (Wanita itu sangat cantik.)	beautiful (predicate adjective)= menerangkan subjek (lady); very = modifier yang menerangkan beautiful; that lady= noun phrase
These are yours. (Ini milikmu.)	yours (predicate pronoun)= menerangkan subjek (this); these= demonstrative pronoun
The noodle tasted delicious. (Mie tsb terasa lezat.)	delicious (predicate adjective)= menerangkan subjek (noodle); the noodle= noun phrase
My favorite activities are shoppingand traveling. (Aktivitas favoritku adalah belanja dan jalan-jalan.)	shopping, traveling (gerund)= menerangkan subjek (activity); my favorite activity= noun phrase
His dream is to win a cooking contest. (Impiannya adalah menang kontes masak.)	to win a cooking contest (infinitive)= menerangkan subjek (dream); his dream= noun phrase

· Verb Complement
Verb complement adalah direct object atau indirect object dari suatu action verb. Objek-objek tersebut dapat berupa noun, pronoun, atau konstruksi lain yang berakting seperti noun, seperti: gerund, infinitive, dan noun clause.

Contoh Verb Complement [DO= bold; IO= italic]:

Contoh Kalimat Verb Complement	Direct Object	Indirect Object
My boss paid me two thousand dollars. (Bosku membayarku dua ribu dollar.)	noun phrase	pronoun
I love swimming. (Aku suka berenang.)	gerund	–
She wanted to go. (Dia ingin pergi.)	infinitive	–
He discovered that creating a website is quite easy. (Dia mendapati bahwa membuat sebuah website cukup mudah.)	noun clause	–

· Making a General Business

Etika tidak hanya ditampilkan dalam tingkah-laku maupun sikap, melainkan tata cara administratif maupun surat menyurat utamanya untuk surat-surat resmi. Sebuah perusahaan besar maupun bonafid, akan senantiasa melakukan hubungan dan komunikasi yang baik terhadap karyawan atau bahkan terhadap calon karyawannya. Hal ini dilakukan dalam menjaga pencitraan nama baik perusahaan itu sendiri. Kebiasaan baik ini bisa ditunjukan dalam proses lamaran kerja, dimana tetap dilakukannya komunikasi kepada para pelamar yang tidak lulus seleksi atau tidak memenuhi kualifikasi perusahaan.

Melalui kebiasaan inilah, maka kredibilitas akan perusahaan yang memiliki sistem administrasi serta manajemen yang sehat akan senantiasa terpelihara. Menyiapkan surat penolakan lamaran kerja yang baik, setidaknya perusahaan berempati sebagai bentuk balasan serta apresiasi atas usaha yang ditunjukan para pelamar kerja selama ini. Lamaran kerja merupakan proses yang tidak dapat dilihat dari satu sisi, melainkan suatu proses yang boleh dikatakan hubungan yang saling menguntungkan. Hanya saja dengan ketersediaan posisi yang terbatas tidak sebanding dengan besarnya peminat, maka perusahaan pun mengeluarkan kebijakan yaitu melakukan seleksi internal agar semua memiliki kesempatan yang sama, baik mulai tahap penyeleksian dokumen hingga seleksi akhir wawancara kerja, berikut akan dijelaskan secara lebih mendalam menggunakan bahasa inggris :

A letter of Inquiry

Quible and other defined, “Letters of Inquiry are a type of business message that asksthe recipient for information or assistance”

Type of Inquiry latter :

1. Personal Status inquiry latters.

2. Business status inquiry letter.

Affirmative & Negative Agrement, Negation, Commands & Vocabulary and Reading

Affirmative & Negative Agreement : So,Too, And, Also

AFFIRMATIVE AGREEMENT (so. too. and also)

Sebenarnya kata so, too, dan also mempunyai arti yang sama yaitu juga, pula, pun. Tapi dalam penggunaannya terdapat perbedaan, so digunakan sebelum tobe(s) dan auxilliaries (kata bantu).

Example:

1. My wife will talk to him and so will I

2. My wife has talked about it, and so have I

3. My wife talked about it, and so did I

4. My wife is talking about it, and so am I

Sedangkan too dan also digunakan setelah tobe(s) dan auxilliaries.

Example:

1. My wife will talk to him and I will too

2. My wife has talked about it, and I have too

3. My wife talked about it, and I did also

4. My wife is talking about it, and I am also

NEGATIVE AGREEMENT (neither and either)

Hampir sama dengan penjelasan affirmative agreement di atas, neither dan either memiliki arti yang sama yaitu: tidak keduanya, atau kedua-duanya tidak. Untuk neither digunakan sebelum auxilliary verb, for example:

1. My roommate won't go, and neither will I

2. My roommate hasn't gone, and neither have I

3. My roommate doesn't go, and neither do I

4. My roommate isn't going, and neither am I

Dan untuk either digunakan setelah auxilliary verb dan kata "not", for example:

1. My roommate won't go, and I won't(will not) either

2. My roommate hasn't gone, and I haven't either

3. My roommate doesn't go, and I don't either

4. My roommate isn't going, and I am not either

Hal lain yang harus diperhatikan yaitu untuk pemakaian tobe dan auxilliaries setelah kata "..and.." harus sesuai dengan tobe dan auxilliaries yang digunakan di awal kalimat, seperti :

1. My wife is talking about it, and so am I

2. My wife has talked about it, and I have too

3. My roommate won't go, and neither will I

4. My roommate doesn't go, and I don't either

2. Negation : Neither, Either, Hardly,

Barely, Rarely, Seldom, etc

NEGATION

Negation adalah bentuk pernyataan negatif. Walaupun hal ini tidak begitu asing, namun di bawah ini akan kami jelaskan bentuk-bentuk negation, atau bentuk-bentuk bagaimana membentuk suatu pernyataan negatif.

1. Dengan Kata Kerja (VERB)

a.       With a simple form:
Subject + (The negative of the auxiliary DO (or MODALS)) + simple form.
Examples:
    - I don't know
    - We didn't see (Not I didn't saw)
    - He couldn't stay

b.      With a past participle:
Subject + (The negative of the auxiliaries BE or HAVE) + past participle.
Examples:
    - They haven't seen
    - She wasn't driving
    - You hadn't forgotten

2. Dengan Kata Benda (NOUN)
Jangan gunakan 2 kali Negation dalam 1 kalimat yang sama.
Contoh:

I do not see no evidence. (SALAH)

a.       Positive sentences:
No+ noun
Examples:
    - I see no evidence
    - No one is concerned

b.      Negative sentences:
Examples:
    - I do not see any evidence
    - They are not concerned

Either and neither function in simple statement much like “so” and “”too” in affirmative sentences. However, either and neither are used to indicate negative agreement. The same rules for auxilaries, be and do, does or did apply.

Contoh Kalimat lainnya:

1. The manager isn’t too happy with the project, and neither is his assistant.

2. We can’t study in the library, and he can’t either.

3. You didn’t pay the taxes, and they didn’t either.

4. My Brother won’t accept my father’s decision, and my sister won’t either.

5. He doesn’t know the answer, and neither does she.

Negative statement + and + [ S + negative auxiliary or be + either]
Negative statement + and + [ neither + positive auxiliary or be + S ]
Examples:
I didn’t see Bella this morning. Edward didn’t see Bella this morning
I didn’t see Bella this morning and Edward didn’t either.
I didn’t see Bella this morning and neither did Edward.
Additional examples:
1. The children shouldn’t take that medicine, and neither should she.
2. We don’t plan to attend the concert, and neither do they.
3. I don’t like tennis, and he doesn’t either.
4. She didn’t see anyone she knew, and neither did Tim.
5. The Yankees couldn’t play due to the bad weather, and neither could the Angels.
6. Mary can’t type well, and her sister can’t either.
7. I’m not interested in reading that book, and neither is she.
8. They won’t have to work on weekends, and we won’t either.
9. I can’t stand listening to that music, and she can’t either.
10. Michael doesn’t speak English, and his family doesn’t either.
11. That scientist isn’t too happy with the project, and neither are her supervisors.
12. We can’t study in the library, and they can’t either.
13. I haven’t worked there long, and neither have you.
14. You didn’t pay the rent, and she didn’t either.
15. They didn’t want anything to drink, and neither did we.
16. John shouldn’t run so fast, and neither should you.
17. The students won’t accept the dean’s decision, and the faculty won’t either.
18. Your class hasn’t begun yet, and neither has mine.
19. She couldn’t attend the lecture, and her sister couldn’t either.
20. He didn’t know the answer, and neither did I

3. COMMANDS (Kalimat Perintah)

Dalam bahasa inggris, kalimat perintah (Commands), selalu dimulai dengan kata kerja yang berbentuk“Infinitive – tanpa to” jika tidak ada kata kerja, kiat menggunakan “Be + Adjectives”

Contoh :

1. Open your book!

2. Clean the blackboard!

3. Show me your book!

4. Light a candle!

5. Be careful!

NEGATIVE COMMANDS (Kalimat Larangan)

Kalimat larangan (Negative Commands) dimulai dengan ” Don’t + Infinitive – tanpa – to “ jika tidak ada kata kerja, kita menggunakan “ Don’t be + Adjectives “

Contoh :

1. Don’t make noise!

2. Don’t read this letter!

3. Don’t lock the door!

4. Don’t be naughty!

5. Don’t be angry!

Orders

1. Confirmation of an order

Sample Confirmation of The Receipt of Order Letter

Getting to write a good receipt order confirmation letter

Once you have ordered goods from a particular store you will probably receive a confirmation letter n your orders. So this goes out to those companies starting business and looking for the best tips on writing a receipt of ordere letter to confirm goods ordered by your customer. While you will have to keep in consideration the following tips as stated below.

· Formal – The letter to be written is formal, so it should be in a serious tone. It should a direct tone while writing to the consumer.

· Dates – While writing the confirmation letter you should inform the recipient the dates you will be delivering there goods that they ordered form you.

· Record – Show a reccord of the items bought that is the quantitiy and also the total price of the good ordered. Before writing the records, ensure first that you have informed the customer that you have received the payments on the goods.

· Short and Precise – Be brief as you jot down the letter and make sure to go straight to the point and not to write logn unnecessary stories.

Example:

Mrs. Wendy Jhonson

Physical address: Nairobi, Kenya

P.O.BOX 62000-00200, Nairobi

5 May 2009.

Subject Letter of Confirming receipt of order.

To Win,

Dear Mrs. Winy,

This is a letter o confirm that you received the ordered for the following good that you purchased.

Item Purchased.

2. 32’ Television

3. 5 Piece carpet

4. Dish washer

5. Dining table

6. Matress

And we also write to inform you that we received the payments of the good which is total it KsHs 250.000 in form of a cheque on the 5 of June.

The items above will be deliveried within this week to where you had specified. Along with the delieveried attached documents necessary document will be attached with each item purchased.

Thank you for doing business with us. If there is any issue or you require clarification please contact us.

Sincerely,

John Peter

2. A letter of apology

Here are examples of an apology where you did not err:

I just learned from Tom that the rescheduling of our annual meeting affected your vacation plans. We have four new products launching next year, and these will be presented at the meeting. I’m sure the scheduling was a disappointment for you, but I know the information will be very useful for you, and we need your expertise in the field next year.

I am sorry the reconstruction requires your department to share printing and copying resources for the next two months. It will cause delays for you during construction, so please accommodate this in your planning. Once the construction is complete, we’ll have 40% capacity increase, so the inconvenience is well worth it.

Here is an example of an apology where there is a need to admit liability:

Dear Suki:
I am sorry I missed your meeting this morning. I know I was scheduled to provide the staffing costs of your proposal, and I’m sorry I let you down.

As I mentioned when I called, my babysitter was ill and could not work, and my husband is out of town. I had to wait until my sister could arrive to babysit before I could leave for work.

I have emailed my staffing cost analysis to everyone in the meeting, and explained my absence and how this data supports your proposal. If there is anything else I can do to make up for my absence at your proposal, please let me know.

Please accept my apology.

Tamara

We all want to avoid unpleasant situations, but sending a note indicates you take the liability seriously, and are truly sorry. It conveys a sincerity that a simple phone call does not.

When you overstep, and say things you regret:

Dear Ashok:
I am sorry I overreacted yesterday to the news of my project team’s restructuring. I apologize for making inappropriate assumptions about your decision.

I realize since we talked that I depend on Caroline’s participation, and don’t want to lose her enthusiasm and expertise on my team. You are correct that she is ready for larger company projects.

I regret my comments, and you have my promise to fully support the team restructure. Please accept my apology.

Sincerely,

Kara

I’ve heard executives say they never want to document any errors in writing, but I disagree. Instead, this documents Kara’s realization and apology, in addition to enhancing her business relationship with Ashok.

Some Guidelines:

· Overtly state you are sorry. “I apologize.” “I’m sorry.” “I regret.”

· Ask the reader to accept your apology.

· Summarize what happened, to reflect your understanding.

· Offer remedies, if this is needed.

· Address only the apology in your note. Keep it to this one subject.

· Don’t infer your reader was also to blame. Not: “I only wish you had been more clear my attendance was needed.” Address only your own actions.

· Don’t blame anyone else. Not: “My team leader was unclear with his instructions, so I thought I was to present next week, not this week.”

· Don’t globalize the issue. Apologize for this situation, at this time. Not: “I’m sorry I was late, but you rarely start meetings on time. I thought I would arrive before the meeting started.”

· Most importantly, don’t use the common “sorry, but” formula. It’s insincere and makes you look angry. Not: “I’m sorry I overreacted, but you were not clear about your instructions.”

3. An Insurance claim

Sample Letter for an Insurance Claim

Mrs. Wendy Jhonson

Physical address: Nairobi, Kenya

P.O.BOX 62000-00200, Nairobi

5 May 2009.

To Insurace Departement

Dear Dir,

This is regarding the insurance claim for my car, My policy number is 9981234***

The Details of the accident are as given below:

I parked my vehicle in the parking area at my office. Unfortunately a delivery truck tried to park between two cars and hit my car from behind. The body form behind got smashed.

When I realized I immediately contacted your customer care and gave the details. I chechked all my insurance papers and realized that I am eligible for a claim of . . . . . . . Your Company sent a representative and field the report and they told that they will call me soon.

Regarding the insurance and will get the feedback from the company at the earliest, I would like to bring your notice that I didn’t get any correspondence from the company yet in spite of my reminders for last ten days.

Kindly look it and expecting a positive response at the earliest.

Thanking you.

· Letters of complaint

1. Letters of complaint

Write a complaint letter.

Always try to resolve a problem with a business before seeking help from the ACCC. You can do this by speaking directly with the salesperson or manager or if this fails, by writing a complaint letter or email.

· What to include in a complaint letter

· Complaint letter template

· Complaint letter example

· If it’s not right, use your rights

· More information

What to incluede in a complaint letter

When writing a complaint letter you should:

· describe your problem and the outcome you want

· include key dates, such as when you purchased the goods or services and when the problem occurred

· identify what action you’ve already taken to fix the problem and what you will do if you and the seller cannot resolve the problem

· ask for a response within a reasonable time

· attach a copy of any supporting relevant documentation such as a receipt or invoice.

Complaint letter template

Below is a complaint letter template. You can use this outline, or our email template(link sends e-mail), to help you write a complaint letter (although you may wish to vary it to fit your particular problem).

[Your name]

[Your address]

[Email and/or phone]

Dear Manager

Re: COMPLAINT ABOUT [INSERT NAME OF PRODUCT OR SERVICE] PURCHASED AT [INSERT BUSINESS NAME] ON [INSERT DATE]

State that you have a problem with goods or services bought from the business at a particular location and date and that you want the problem fixed.

Explain the key details of the problem including when you discovered it and any other steps you’ve already taken to get it fixed, such as a telephone call or a visit to the store. Note who you spoke to and any results of your efforts.

State that you have enclosed copies of relevant documents, such as a receipt of bank statement for proof of purchase.

State the steps you want the business to take to fix the problem.

State that you expect to hear from the business with a solution by [insert date or within 10 days]. Describe what you intend to do if the business fails to fix the problem—such as making a formal complaint to the ACCC or the consumer protection agency in your state or territory.

List your business and after hours contact details.

Yours sincerely

[Your name]

Enclosed: Copy of the receipt for [insert name of product or service]

Complaint Letter Exampe

Below is an example of a possible finished letter using the complaint letter template.

Jane Brown
123 Street

jane@brown.com.au

1 January 2013

Dear Manager

RE: COMPLAINT ABOUT FAULTY TELEVISION CABINET PURCHASED AT CABINET WORLD ON 15 DECEMBER 2012

I am unhappy with the quality of a television cabinet I bought at 5 Street on 15 December and I am writing to seek a replacement.

The cabinet doors do not open and shut properly and the stain on the cabinet is uneven, with one half darker than the other. The cabinet was delivered on 30 December and I noticed this problem as soon as I unpacked it from the box.

The cabinet is not of acceptable quality and does not match the sample cabinet I was shown in store. I would like you to replace it with one of the same quality and finish as the sample and arrange for return of the faulty cabinet at no cost.

I have attached a photocopy of my receipt as proof of purchase.

I would like to have this problem fixed quickly please. If I do not hear from you within 10 days, I will lodge a formal complaint with Consumer Affairs in my state.

You can contact me on 1234 5678 during working hours or after hours on 123 456 789 to discuss this matter further.

Yours sincerely,

Jane Brown

2. Replies to letters of complaint

Dealing with Complaints
|

Acknowledging receipt of a complaint letter

Accepting a Complaint

Apology for the error or fault

Accepting the Complaint

Rejecting a Complaint

Regret at dissatisfaction

Rejecting responsibility for the problem leading to the complaint

A short explanation
of the fault

Investigation
to be made

Reasons for the rejection

Proposal to settle the difficulty

An offer to take goods back, make a replacement, give a discount etc.

If a third party (another person or organisation) is to blame, direct the complainer to that party

A concluding paragraph aiming at retaining the goodwill of the customer

Useful Expressions

Acknowledging receipt of a complaint letter

· Thank you for your letter of … regarding / concerning / in connection with …

· I refer to your letter of … about / relating to …

Apology for the error or fault

· We must apologise for …

· We sincerely apologise for …

· Please accept our apologies for …

· I would like to apologise for the error made by our company in (verb+ing)

Accepting the Complaint

· We agree that the usual high standards of our products / services were not met in this instance.

A short explanation of the fault

· Introductory phrase

· As a result of our investigation, we found that... (Not: After our investigation...)

· Causes

· The error was caused by … / was due to …

· Apparently, the problem was the result of … / resulted from …

· The cause of / reason for the mistake was …

· Effects

· As a result …

· This led to …

· Consequently …

· Solutions

· We have modified / changed our ...

· We have implemented a system to...

· To prevent re-occurrences we have set up a verification procedure.

· Assurances

· We assure you that this will not happen again.

Investigation to be made

o We are currently investigating the cause of ...

o We will investigate the cause of...

Proposal to settle the difficulty

· As a gesture of our regret, we are prepared to …/ we are willing to …/ we would like to …

· To show goodwill, we will …

An offer to take goods back, make a replacement, give a discount etc.

· We have dispatched the new items by express courier. They should arrive by Monday, 23 May 2016.

· To show our goodwill, we would like to offer you a 5% discount on your next order with us.

Regret at dissatisfaction

· While we can understand your frustration, ...

· We understand how disappointing it can be when your expectations are not met.

Rejecting responsibility for the problem leading to the complaint

· I regret to inform you that …

· I am afraid that …

· Unfortunately, I must point out that …

Reasons for the rejection

· This is because the guarantee period has expired.

· This is due to the fact that the guarantee period has expired.

If a third party (another person or organisation) is to blame, direct the complainer to that party

· We therefore suggest that you contact...

A concluding paragraph aiming at retaining the goodwill of the customer

· We look forward to receiving your further orders, and assure you that they will be filled correctly / promptly.

Example Letters

Everlong Batteries
171 Choi Hung Road
Hung Hon, Hong Kong
Tel/Fax 2235 2449
18 May 2016

Mr J Wong
Purchasing Officer
Fortune Goods
317 Orchard Road
Singapore

Dear Mr Wong

Order No. 2639/L

Please accept our apologies for the error made by our company in filling your order no. 2639/L dated Friday, 13 May 2016.
You ordered 12,000 size Ultra super-long-life premium batteries, but our dispatch office sent 1,200. This was due to a typing error.
The balance of 10,800 batteries was dispatched by express courier to your store this morning and will arrive by Thursday, 26 May 2016.
Since we value your business, we would like to offer you a 10% discount off your next order with us.
We look forward to receiving your further orders and assure you that they will be filled correctly.
Yours sincerely
David Choi
David Choi
Distributions Manager

Everlong Batteries
171 Choi Hung Road
Hung Hon, Hong Kong
Tel/Fax (852) 2235 2449
18 May 2016

Mr J Wong
Purchasing Officer
Fortune Goods
317 Orchard Road
Singapore

Dear Mr Wong

Order No. 2639/L

Thank you for your letter of Friday, 13 May 2016 regarding your order no. 2639/L. We understand that this is a difficult situation for you.
We have investigated the situation, and found that you ordered 12,00 size Ultra super-long-life premium batteries. Please see the enclosed copy of your order form. Our dispatch office therefore sent 1,200.
If you need the remaining batteries urgently, the balance of 10,800 batteries can be dispatched today by express courier to your store and would arrive byThursday, 26 May 2016.
Please phone me at the number given above if you would like to order these batteries.
We look forward to receiving your further orders.
Yours sincerely
David Choi
David Choi
Distributions Manager
Encl:
- Order Form No. 2639/L

Modal Auxiliary

Pengertian Modal Auxiliary

Modal Auxiliary atau sering dikenal juga dengan istilah Secondary Auxiliary Verbs merupakan kata kerja bantu yang memberikan arti tambahan pada Main Verbs dalam kalimat, seperti menunjukkan sesuatu yang akan terjadi (futurity), menunjukkan nasihat (advice), menunjukkan kewajiban (duty), menunjukkan kemungkinan (probability) dan lain sebagainya.

Penggunaan Modal Auxiliary

Yang termasuk dalam Modal Auxiliary yaitu : shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, must, ought, need, dare dan used. Saya akan membahas satu persatu dari Modal Auxiliary beserta penggunaan dalam kalimat.

Shall

Shall bisa digunakan untuk menunjukkan hal-hal sebagai berikut :

§ Kejadian yang akan dilakukan (futurity) dalam sebuah kalimat.
Contoh :
– I shall go to Jakarta tomorrow. (Saya akan pergi ke Jakarta besok).

§ Digunakan untuk membuat penawaran atau menawarkan sesuatu.
Contoh :
– Shall I make coffee for you ?. (Bolehkah saya membuatkan kopi untuk Anda?).

§ Digunakan untuk membuat saran.
Contoh :
– Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow ?. (Bagaimana kalau kita pergi ke kebun binatang besok?).

§ Digunakan untuk menyatakan kewajiban.
Contoh:
– Every citizen shall pay the tax. (Setiap penduduk harus membayar pajak)

Should

Should merupakan bentuk past tense dari kata Shall dan biasanya digunakan untuk menyatakan hal-hal sebagai berikut :

§ Should sebagai bentuk past tense dari shall, penggunaan should ini sering kita jumpai dalam kalimat tidak langsung (indirect speech).
Contoh :
– She said that I should visit her tomorrow. (Dia bilang bahwa saya akan mengunjunginya besok).

§ Fungsi should berikutnya adalah untuk menyatakan sebuah nasehat (advice).
Contoh :
– You should eat more fruit. (Anda harus lebih banyak makan buah-buahan)

§ Untuk membentuk kalimat yang menunjukkan kewajiban (duty).
Contoh :
– You should pay your debt. (Anda harus membayar hutangmu).

§ Should juga bisa menunjukkan sebuah kemungkinan (probability).
Contoh :
– If it should rain, I will stay at home. (Jika hari hujan, Saya akan tinggal dirumah).

§ Membuat pengandaian untuk waktu yang akan datang.
Contoh :
– Should she fall, she shall notify me. (Seandainya dia gagal, dia akan memberitahu saya).

Will

Will digunakan untuk menunjukkan hal-hal sebagai berikut :

§ Will digunakan untuk menunjukkan tindakan yang akan dilakukan (futurity).
Contoh :
– I will buy a new car tomorrow. (Saya akan membeli sebuah mobil baru besok).

§ Untuk menunjukkan keinginan atau kemauan.
Contoh :
– I will help you. (Saya akan membantu Anda).

§ Untuk menyatakan kebenaran abadi (timeless truth).
Contoh :
– The stone will sink in the water. (Batu akan tenggelam di dalam air).

Would

Would merupakan bentuk past tense dari will dan digunakan untuk menyatakan hal-hal berikut :

§ Menyatakan kebiasaan yang dilakukan pada masa lampau.
Contoh :
– When she was a girl, her mother would tell her stories. (Ketika dia masih kecil, Ibunya suka bercerita kepadanya).

§ Untuk memperhalus/mempersopan suatu permohonan.
Contoh :
– Would you mind helping me ?. (Maukah Anda menolong saya ?).

§ Menunjukkan karakter seseorang yang telah diduga sebelumnya.
Contoh :
– Every morning she would go for a long walk. (Setiap pagi dia akan pergi untuk berjalan-jalan).

Can

Can yang berarti “bisa” dalam Bahasa Indonesia dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan hal-hal sebagai berikut :

§ Menyatakan kemampuan atau kemahiran (ability) seseorang.
Contoh:
– Can you speak Mandarin ?. (Apakah anda bisa berbahasa Mandarin ?)

§ Menyatakan permintaan ijin.
Contoh :
– You can ask me a personal question. (Anda bisa bertanya soal pribadi kepada saya).

§ Menyatakan kemungkinan.
Contoh :
– You can be a millionaire. (Anda bisa menjadi seorang jutawan).

NB : Can juga digunakan untuk (Main Verbs) yang berarti mengalengkan atau memasukkan dalam kaleng. Contoh :
– They are canning potatoes. (Mereka sedang mengalengkan kentang).

Could

Could merupakan bentuk lampau dari Can yang digunakan untuk menyatakan hal-hal sebagai berikut :

§ Menyatakan kemampuan atau kemahiran (ability) seseorang mengerjakan sesuatu.
Contoh :
I could play football when I was a kid.. (Saya bisa bermain bola ketika saya masih kecil).

§ Menyatakan permintaan ijin untuk kalimat yang lebih sopan.
Contoh :
Could I see your identity card ?. (Bolehkan saya melihat kartu identitas anda ?).

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

http://catatanbahasainggris.blogspot.co.id/2009/07/verb-phrases.html

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http://www.inggrispare.com/2014/09/phrase-frasa.html

http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-contoh-kalimat-verb-phrase

http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-contoh-kalimat-subject-predicate

http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-macam-contoh-kalimat-verbs

https://yorijuly14.wordpress.com/2010/03/18/struktur-kalimat-bahasa-inggris/

http://suryanto-bogor.blogspot.com/2013/06/subject-verb-complement-and-modifier.html

https://fauziauzhe.wordpress.com/2015/05/11/subject-verb-complement-modifier/

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http://www.talkenglish.com/grammar/simple-tense.aspx

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbtenseintro.html

Source : http://hikmawandiny.blogspot.com/2014/01/affirmative-and-negative-agreement.htm

http://fnflife.blogspot.com/2010/07/affirmative-negative-aggrement.html

http://hikmawandiny.blogspot.com/2014/01/affirmative-and-negative-agreement.html

http://english-structure-patt-polinema.blogspot.com/2011/04/negation.html

http://thebusinesscommunication.com/what-is-inquiry-letter-types-of-inquiry-letter/

http://www.phccwritingcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Vocabulary-Subject-Verb-Agreement-Verb-Tense-Verb-Form.pptx.

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Source : http://www.instructionalsolutions.com/blog/bid/61944/I-Am-Sorry-How-to-Write-a-Business-Apology-Letter

http://formalletter.net/formal-apology-letter-sample/

http://www.letters.org/confirmation-letter/sample-confirmation-of-the-receipt-of-order-letter.html

Sabtu, 04 Juni 2016

“BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS SOFT-SKILL” DIAZ SUKMA LAKSANA PUTRA_NPM 23114031_KELAS 2KB03_ JURUSAN SISTEM KOMPUTER_UNIVERSITAS GUNADARMA

Info Kata Depan dalam Bahasa Inggris (Preposition)

6 Macam Jenis Kata Depan dalam Bahasa Inggris (Preposition)

Affirmative & Negative Agrement, Negation, Commands & Vocabulary and Reading

Sample Confirmation of The Receipt of Order Letter

Getting to write a good receipt order confirmation letter

· Formal – The letter to be written is formal, so it should be in a serious tone. It should a direct tone while writing to the consumer.

· Dates – While writing the confirmation letter you should inform the recipient the dates you will be delivering there goods that they ordered form you.

· Record – Show a reccord of the items bought that is the quantitiy and also the total price of the good ordered. Before writing the records, ensure first that you have informed the customer that you have received the payments on the goods.

· Short and Precise – Be brief as you jot down the letter and make sure to go straight to the point and not to write logn unnecessary stories.

Example:

Mrs. Wendy Jhonson

Physical address: Nairobi, Kenya

P.O.BOX 62000-00200, Nairobi

5 May 2009.

Subject Letter of Confirming receipt of order.

To Win,

Dear Mrs. Winy,

This is a letter o confirm that you received the ordered for the following good that you purchased.

Item Purchased.

2. 32’ Television

3. 5 Piece carpet

4. Dish washer

5. Dining table

6. Matress

And we also write to inform you that we received the payments of the good which is total it KsHs 250.000 in form of a cheque on the 5 of June.

The items above will be deliveried within this week to where you had specified. Along with the delieveried attached documents necessary document will be attached with each item purchased.

Thank you for doing business with us. If there is any issue or you require clarification please contact us.

Sincerely,

John Peter

Mrs. Wendy Jhonson

Physical address: Nairobi, Kenya

P.O.BOX 62000-00200, Nairobi

5 May 2009.

To Insurace Departement

Dear Dir,

This is regarding the insurance claim for my car, My policy number is 9981234***

The Details of the accident are as given below:

I parked my vehicle in the parking area at my office. Unfortunately a delivery truck tried to park between two cars and hit my car from behind. The body form behind got smashed.

When I realized I immediately contacted your customer care and gave the details. I chechked all my insurance papers and realized that I am eligible for a claim of . . . . . . . Your Company sent a representative and field the report and they told that they will call me soon.

Regarding the insurance and will get the feedback from the company at the earliest, I would like to bring your notice that I didn’t get any correspondence from the company yet in spite of my reminders for last ten days.

Kindly look it and expecting a positive response at the earliest.

Thanking you.

Write a complaint letter.

Modal Auxiliary

Pengertian Modal Auxiliary

Penggunaan Modal Auxiliary

Shall

Should

Will

Would

Can

Could